Arete: Excellence of any kind. http://mythology.wikia.com/wiki/Aretez
Polis: an ancient Greek city-state where everybody lives and gathers. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/polis
the year 508 BC: This is the year democracy began in Athens. Meaning 'ruled by the people'. Male citizens were given the chance to vote to decide how the city-state should be run. Cleisthenes granted full rights to all free men of Athens. This was the first time that people revolted against leaders and seized power for themselves. Males were able to discuss and vote. ://www.schoolsliaison.org.uk/kids/access/greek/timeline_greece.htm
Socrates: was an Athenian philosopher whose beliefs are known through writings of other philosophers. Socrates, Plato, Aristotle were the 3 main people of western philosophy. He taught that virtue was based on knowledge. "The unexamined life is not worth living." - Socrates http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/socrates
the Socratic method: He wanted to get the views of his students and colleagues by asking questions until a contradiction was exposed which would prove the fallacy of the initial assumption. This is was named "The Socratic Method". ://www.law.uchicago.edu/prospectives/lifeofthemind/socraticmethod
what the ancient Greeks meant if they called you an idiot: "person lacking professional skill". Someone who is characterized by self centeredness. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiot
death of Socrates: Socrates was charged with 2 things (corruption of youth and introducing strange gods.) He went to trial with 500+ jurors to decide his fate. They voted to have him put to death by the Athenian government for his teaching methods because they thought it was impiety toward his students. He accepted death from Hemlock. https://www3.nd.edu/~plato/bloch.htm
Below is a painting by Jacques- Louis David from 1787.
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